Dried gum secretions from several species of astragalus plant. Species producing Astragalus are small plants one meter high and native to Asia Minor, Iran, Syria and Greece. Iran is the largest exporter of tragacanth in the world.
By scratching the stem of the plant, the walls of the central beam cells and parenchymal cells gradually turn into gum by absorbing water, the pressure produced causes the gum to be pushed towards the gap. Gum gradually hardens in the presence of air due to evaporation of water. The shape of the dried crop depends on the type of incision made on the stem.
Cedar and tragacanth played a major role in the health of the community in the days when there were no modern detergents. However, there were other uses for tragacanth. This plant gum has different species that are generally called shrubs in the form of shrubs or perennial herbaceous plants in Iran.
In the texts of traditional medicine, these plants are introduced with the Arabic letters “Mahalb al-Eqab” and “Asaba al-Gharus”. Tragacanth gum is extracted from many of them, which are very important economically, because tragacanth is widely used in medicine and industry. Some of these plants are poisonous due to the uptake of selenium from the soil, and upon finding the presence of selenium in these plants, the presence of uranium in the place where they grow is also found in the mountains of East Azerbaijan.
Tragacanth is a high quality hydrocolloid that is chemically structurally a non-uniform, highly branched hydrophilic carbohydrate. Tragacanth consists of two main components called tragacanthic acid or basurin and tragacanth. Basurin accounts for 60%-70% of the total gum and is an insoluble component in water that has the ability to swell and form a gel. The other component, or tragacanth, dissolves in water to form a colloidal solution. Basurin is an acidic component that produces sugars such as di-xylose, L-fucose digalacturonic acid, and a small amount of L-rhamnose by acid hydrolysis. The properties of tragacanth gum are largely related to basurin.
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